Pathology
This branch of medical science deals with the morbid anatomy of deceased organs, microscopic changes that follow a disease, detection of abnormal and cancerous cells, etc.
OBJECTIVES
The broad goal of teaching an undergraduate student in Pathology is to provide the students with a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanism and cause of the disease with corresponding tissue changes to achieve a complete understanding of the natural history and clinical manifestation and to diagnose with appropriate laboratory investigations. The broad goal of teaching an undergraduate student in Pathology is to provide the students with a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanism and cause of the disease with corresponding tissue changes to achieve a complete understanding of the natural history and clinical manifestation and to diagnose with appropriate laboratory investigations.COURSE CONTENTS
SYLLABUS
II. M.B.B.S. PATHOLOGY SYLLABUS (PRACTICAL – BY STUDENT, DEMONSTRATION – BY FACULTY)
1. HEMATOLOGY
Introduction to Pathology- Bone marrow aspiration, Biopsy and cellular details Practicals
- Clinical Pathology Introduction. Demonstration :
- Demonstration: Bonemarrow aspiration Instruments, Bonemarrow slides – normal.
- Iron deficiency anaemias & Sideroblastic anaemias.
- Megoloblastic anaemias
- Hemolytic anaemias – Congenital and Acquired
- Aplastic anaemias and Symptomatic Anaemias.
- Polycythemia
- Perform Hb, R.B.C. Count
- Iron deficiency anaemia view the slide & record
- Macrocytic anaemia view the slide & record
- Megaloblastic marrow view the slide & record
- Aplastic marrow, Peripheral smear study, view the slides & record.
- P.C.V.
- Sickle cells
- Thalassemia – Peripheral smear
- Spherocytic anaemia
- Haemoglobin Electrophoresis
- Reticulocytes
- Heinz bodies
- Leukopenia, agranulocytosis and Leukocytosis
- Leukemias & Multiple myeloma
- Total W.B.C. count Differential count
- Neutrophilia Eosinphilia AML, ALL, CML, CLL
- Guidance and questions Cytochemical stains
- Vascular disorders
- Platelets disorders
- Coagulation factor deficiency
- Platelet counts
- Bleeding time, Clotting time.
- Blood group & RH Factor
- Blood Bank
- Blood Bank Working Pattern
- Specific and nonspecific lymphadenitis
- Lymphomas
- Lymphomas – specimen
- Lymphomas – slides
- Secondary deposits (specimen) & slide
- Guidance
- Splenomegaly
- CVC Spleen – Specimen & slide CML Spleen, Gauchers spleen – specimen Amyloidosis spleen (Amyloidosis)
Guidance General Pathology
1. a). CELL INJURY AND CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS- Etiologic factors and mechanisms, hypoxia, oxygen radical injury and hyperexis, chemical agents, radiation, Immunological mediators, infectious agents and genetic factors.
Introduction to Histopathology and cytology Laboratory & Museum. Cloudy swelling kidney – specimen & slide.
Demonstration : (Faculty activity)Guidance slides
8 b). Reversible and irreversible cell injury and intracellular accumulations, Pathological calcifications.- Adaptation to cell injury, Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, hypoplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia.
- Fatty change – Liver specimen & slide
- Guidance – Pathological calcification – specimen
- Patterns of inflammation, acute responses and chronic responses. Humoral and cellular participants of humoral inflammation elements, blood-borne cells, and stromal elements.
- Abpscess – Liver or Lung – Specimen
- Chemical mediators, vascular, cellular and molecular events of inflammation, regulation of inflammation.
- Acute appendicitis Specimen and slides Chronic inflammation, Tuberculous granuloma, Foreign body granuloma slides.
- Abscess – Liver or Lung – Specimen Guidance with slides
components of repair and regeneration reactions, cells of the repair process. Mechanism of repair. Regeneration and healing in specific organs. E.g. Fracture Healing.
Practicals- Granulation tissue
Guidance
12. GENETICS:Introduction to Medical genetics
13. HEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS.- Normal hemostasis, abnormal hemostasis – Vascular defects, Platelet defects, defect of coagulation proteins, disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thrombosis
- Venous thrombus specimen, Organisation of thrombus slides.
- Thrombus in the left atrium, Coronary arteries
- Edema, hyperemia and congestion, shock, embolism, infarction and gangrene
Guidance and Slides
17.NUTRITIONAL DEPRIVATION DISEASES & RADIATION INJURIESSYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY
19. VASCULAR SYSTEMGuidance
25. GENITAL SYSTEM MALE